The Latest Progress and Prospects of Immunotherapy in Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Immunotherapy, as a revolutionary advancement in the field of cancer treatment, has achieved significant clinical results in recent years, bringing new treatment hope to cancer patients. This study comprehensively explores the basic principles, classifications, and latest developments of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Cellular immunotherapy, especially CAR-T cell therapy, has shown excellent efficacy in various hematological tumors, and new therapies such as NK cell therapy and TCR-T cell therapy are also constantly being explored. Meanwhile, immune checkpoint inhibitors such as CTLA-4 inhibitors and PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors also perform well in various solid tumors and hematological tumors. In addition, immune combination therapy, which combines immunotherapy with traditional treatment methods or targeted drugs, has also shown encouraging efficacy and lower side effects. Research has revealed the unique advantages of immunotherapy in cancer treatment, including precise targeting of cancer cells, reducing damage to normal cells, minimizing side effects, and activating the patient's own immune system to produce sustained anti-tumor immune responses. However, immunotherapy also faces some challenges, such as differences in efficacy caused by individual patient differences, management of immune related adverse reactions, and how to further improve efficacy and reduce treatment costs. However, with the deepening of research and the continuous advancement of technology, the application prospects of immunotherapy in cancer treatment are still broad. This study emphasizes the need to continue exploring more possibilities for immunotherapy in the future, including developing novel immunotherapies, optimizing combination therapy strategies, and strengthening the development of individualized treatment plans, in order to provide patients with more precise and effective cancer treatment plans.